What component installed in a hydraulic system is used to absorb shock?

In a hydraulic system, an accumulator is the component specifically designed to absorb shock and dampen fluctuations in pressure. It serves as a reservoir that can store hydraulic fluid under pressure and release it when needed, effectively smoothing out the operation of the hydraulic system. This capability is particularly beneficial during sudden changes in pressure or flow, such as when a hydraulic cylinder is suddenly engaged or disengaged. By absorbing these shocks, the accumulator helps to prevent damage to other components in the system and maintains a more consistent hydraulic pressure.

The hydraulic cylinder, while an essential component for creating linear motion, does not have the capability to absorb shock like an accumulator does. A filter is crucial for maintaining fluid cleanliness and protecting system components from debris, but it does not deal directly with shock absorption. The pressure relief valve functions to protect the system from excessive pressure by releasing fluid when necessary, but it does not serve the purpose of absorbing shock.